IoT

The Internet of Things describes connected objects with sensors that share data with other devices and systems over a network.

A simple example would be a noise sensor in a street that sends data to a server for analysis.

LPWAN

A Low-Power Wide-Area Network wireless communication technology designed for long-range communication with low power consumption, like sensors operated on a battery. It has a better area coverage than technologies like 4G/5G, but with lower bandwidth.

Characteristics vary from technologies to other

• Range: 10-50 km
• Data speed: 50-1000 kbps
• Data size: 10-250 bytes
• Autonomy: 10+ years

Main technologies:

• LoRaWAN: provide public and private networks
• Sigfox: high range, high battery life, low bandwidth
• NB-IoT: low power consumption
• LTE-M: highest bandwidth, low battery life

Home automation

KNX

• Standardized communication protocol
• Wired & Wireless
• Interworking and scalable system
• Pub-Sub architecture style
  • Event-bus where IoT devices connect
• Actuator
  • Device that act physically on objects (e.g mechanism to open a window)

Channels

• Twisted Pair: TP
• Power Line: PL
• Radio Frequency: RF
• IP/Ethernet-Wifi